自由女士如何成为顶点捕食者

逆戟鲸s (Orcinus orca) occur throughout the world’s oceans, from the tropics to the arctic waters. They are extremely social and use sound to navigate, communicate, and capture prey types, including fish, reptiles, invertebrates, mammals and birds. In many cases, certain groups of orcas form pods that are specialized in hunting selected prey types, giving them the reputation as ‘the wolves of the ocean’. Killer whales display most of their unique abilities while hunting, and by looking at a few of their spectacular methods, we attempt to emphasize these magnificent mammals’ profound abilities.

The Norwegian Herring Hunt

The Norwegian鲱鱼据说亨特是整个海洋中观察到的最令人惊叹的狩猎场面之一。每年冬天，在160-370 m（525-1,214 ft）的深处，大约400亿（1000万吨）的春季笼式鲱鱼越冬，是地球上最大的动物聚集之一。挪威北部的洛芬顿（Lofoten）共同组成了500多个杀手鲸，并组成22-46个人。

Each group dives down to 160-180 m (525-591 ft), which is almost the limit of an orca’s capacity, and forces tens of thousands of herring approximately 150 m vertically, out from their deep water refuges, towards the surface where the whales have the upper hand. They accomplish this unbelievable feast known as ‘digging in the deep’ through coordinated actions, which involve complex social interactions between the killer whales.

This allows them to successfully split large schools of fish into smaller aggregations through carousel feeding; this includes the releasing of bubbles or flashing their white abdomens to densely pack the smaller groups of fish. This allows the orcas to slap the dense balls of herring with their massive tails, stunning or killing up to 15 herring with a single blow.

Orcas’ Victims

Sharks andstingrays也是狡猾的杀手鲸的受害者。在大白鲨中，发现了逆逆戟症，引起了一种自然瘫痪状态，它是指自然的瘫痪状态，通过将它们倒置15分钟，使它们窒息而死，并在黄貂鱼中颠倒，然后翻转，然后翻转。右边向上;当Orca抢一顿饭时，使弦线无助。

The intelligence of this species continues to amaze, as they have the second heaviest brain on earth after the Sperm whale. Orcas have skillfully taken advantage of ice-associated prey such as penguins and seals that frequently drift on floating ice (floe) in the Antarctic Ocean through teamwork and coordinated actions.

最初，它们形成了5-7个个体的小豆荚，尽管在极少数情况下，杀手鲸已被记录在尝试这种方法独奏。他们从猎物铺设的冰丝旁边开始“间谍跳跃”。这是指将他们的头从水中伸出来，就像窥视他们的猎物一样。接下来是“波浪洗”：一群杀手鲸的一部分浸没，距离冰浮球约15 m，并在同步的协调曼纳直接向冰上游泳，然后在其下方穿过。

这产生了一幅重要的波浪，使冰的漂浮物刺激导致逆戟鲸引起的波浪冲洗，打破冰并降低其尺寸（这需要另一次尝试）或将猎物从浮标上洗净到等待的孔的颚上，另一边。

捕食技术

海滩是他们在陆地上获取猎物的最著名方法之一，对于逆戟鲸来说，如果无法正确执行，这也是最危险的之一。他们游泳进入浅滩，暂时海滩自己抓住猎物，然后“摆动”自己回到更深的水中。这种方法可能是致命的，这就是为什么母亲Orca最多需要40年的时间来教她的小牛如何将此方法应用于其利益！

最后，地球上最大的动物也成为逆戟鲸豆荚的力量和韧性的受害者。尽管一组5人或更多的人可能会攻击健康的成年人鲸, they prefer to target younger weaker whales. They initially chase the mother whale and her calf until they are worn out. Then they attempt to separate the mother from her calf by swimming in between them and pushing them apart. Once they are separated the orcas jump on top of the youngster and prevent it from surfacing for air, drowning it.

Killer whales are extremely intelligent, although it’s hard to measure intelligence when their behavior differs so greatly from humans. Their ability to imitate, learn, memorize, teach, and apply teamwork has been proof enough for most. They are magnificent animals and although there have only been a few reports of attacks on humans- none of which have been fatal- they are still a force of nature that is not to be taken lightly.

These outstanding predators with their ingenious problem solving abilities, speed, strength and teamwork, although depicted as friendly, should be admired but at the same time respected and feared. Free-willy is not your friend.

进一步阅读：

梳果冻：海洋的灯笼

Aori -Ika，Miyakejima的Bigfin Reef鱿鱼 - 日本

The Frogfish (Antennarius)

与鲸鲨一起潜水

Fish ID: Lionfish