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海洋碎片和塑料污染:严酷的现实检查

编辑(Timur)的注意:从过去的经验来看,我们可悲地发现,有关严重环境问题的文章获得了最少的吸引力,这对我们来说是非常令人沮丧的。请(只有我们曾经问过的时间) - 分享此帖子,链接到它,花时间阅读和理解,然后再关闭此页面。

Humans are the only animals that generate trash that nature can’t digest.

In our throw-away society, where disposable lifestyle is the new rule, marine debris composes a major source of pollution.

Marine debris可以归类为人为直接或间接进入我们水道的人造固体材料, and has become a major problem throughout the world.

They can come in many materials and different sources.

These generally include disposal of domestic or industrial wastes on land, rivers, streams and beaches; storm water that result from rain and can carry street litter like cigarette butts, plastic bags and food and beverage packages into waterways; and extreme natural events: hurricanes, tornadoes, tsunamis, floods and mudslides.

Keep reading to discover more facts you should know about marine debris.

垃圾岛:充满塑料的海洋(伟大的纪录片)

#1:我们在哪里可以找到海洋碎片?

根据the newest research cited below, marine debris is found inevery ocean and every coast line遍及世界。

来自5 Gyres研究所的研究人员估计,超过25万吨的5万亿塑料块在海上漂浮。

And that is only thetip of the iceberg: oceanographers recently estimate that around 70% of all plastic actually sink to the bottom of the ocean, making it even more difficult to quantify it.

In some ocean regions, known as gyres, currents enclose tons of decomposing trash and plastic into many, swirling garbage patches.

第一个报告现在称为太平洋垃圾补丁。由于其海洋特性,类似的海洋陀螺仪都被认为存在于所有海洋陀螺中。

与在互联网上运行的一些神话相反,这些斑块不是海洋中间的塑料瓶的巨大岛屿,而是微型塑料的小块,形成了一种plastic soup

#2:海洋碎片在环境中停留多长时间?

Objects like abandoned fishing gear, cans, bags and bottles can persist in the environment for a long time.

根据the国家海洋和大气管理(NOAA), a塑料瓶has a decomposition time of450 years!!!

塑料袋take between10-20 years, 尽管铝罐may take up to200 years

Abandoned fishing lines may take 600 years to decompose, and styrofoam cups 50 years.

For glass bottles, the amount of time is undetermined.

When we say decompose, that doesn’t necessarily means that the material in question is now harmless to the environment.

Plastics, for example,不要生物降解, meaning bacteria don’t break this material down into simple harmless components, like they do with paper or wood.

Instead, plastics photo-degrade.

This means that light has the property of breaking it down into very small fragments known as micro-plastics that generally do not biodegrade entirely.

它们可能不会在环境中持续到全尺寸,而是作为微观作品,这对我们的眼睛看不见。

#3: How Does it Affect Marine Life?

您可以将塑料袋与水母区分开。海龟不能。

通过纠缠,窒息和摄入,塑料和固体废物威胁着水生生物。

根据NOAA,塑料碎片杀死估计的每年100,000艘海洋哺乳动物,以及数百万的鸟类和鱼类。

When ingested, plastic debris may become stuck in the digestive systems of the animals, blocking the food way and leading to death by starvation or infection.

Forgotten fishing devices known as ghost nets can also cause marine life deaths.

They may entangle fish, dolphins, sea turtles, sharks, dugongs, seabirds and other animals, limiting movement, leading to starvation and suffocation.

The Midway Atoll, in Hawaii, is a sad example of plastic pollution affecting marine life.

尽管位置偏远,但它还是从北太平洋地区获得了大量的塑料。

The beaches covered with colourful plastics are a temptation to innocent birds, such as the laysan albatross, that mistake thosepieces for food

Scientists found out plastic in the digestive system of nearly all of them.

他们的三分之一的小鸡死于父母造成的饥饿而死亡,因为他们的父母不愿喂食瓶盖和其他不可消化的物体。

关于海洋碎片的一些艰难现实

Small plastic pieces on the ocean’s surface can also block the sun rays from reaching plants and algae that depend on the sun to create nutrients.

Microalgae are the base of the aquatic food web, and when these organisms are threatened, the whole marine food web may be distressed.

塑料碎片还可以吸收来自PCB,DDT和PAH等海水的持续有机污染物。这些疏水污染物粘在塑料上,并通过浮游动物和小鱼摄入食物网。

尽管尚不清楚所有效果,但人们认识到它们会引起内分泌破坏作用:对激素产生的影响可能导致繁殖问题。

对海洋动物的其他一些影响可能包括癌症,病变,遗传和发育畸形,行为异常,性别变化和死亡。

一旦进入食物链,污染物就会在称为生物磁化的过程中积聚在食用它们的动物组织中。

In this process, animals higher in the food chain have higher concentrations of pollutants in their bodies, because they feed from contaminated fish that fed from many other contaminated fish beforehand.

这意味着顶级食肉动物如金枪鱼、鲨鱼,swordfish and marine mammals can have particularly contaminated meat, with concentration hundreds of times higher than in the surrounding water.

#4: How Does It Affect Us?

If you eat seafood, what goes in the ocean goes in you.

我们的海洋,我们的治疗方式以及我们吃的食物都是连接的。

As we have seen above, top predators accumulate higher levels of pollutants in their bodies. If we eat those top predators, such as tuna and swordfish, there is a chance we are ingesting high levels of toxins as well.

A study by Algalita Marine Research Foundation of the North Pacific Central Gyre in 2008 found that approximately 35% of the fish studied had ingested plastic, averaging 2.1 pieces per fish.

In 2011, the University of California found that 10% of fish in the North Pacific had ingested plastic. So, if you eat fish, there is a chance you are degusting pieces of plastic as a bonus.

It is yet unknown the effect of this in our organisms, but it has been found that BPA (a common chemical additive to plastic packaging) influence the reproductive development and is also linked to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity.

#5: What Can We Do?

10Things You Can Do To Prevent Marine Debris

How you dispose of your trash is essential to this cause.

The most important note is:减少,再利用和回收。

因此,最明智的事情是尝试减少垃圾的最佳状态,以减少环境足迹。您可以使用可重复使用的塑料袋在超市上使用塑料袋。

The less trash we produce, the less that will end up in the ecosystem.

The first step to action is information.

Plastic oceans, Plastic Shores, Trashed, Bag it, The synthetic sea story, Addicted to plastic, Plasticize…these are just some examples of documentaries on this topic.

Check out some of those, and join the cause for a cleaner ocean!

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Much like a facebook page - you need to first have a personal account through which you can login and manage the business page.

After creating a personal account, you will be directed to 'My Dive Shop' section where you can claim existing listing or create a new one.

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